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HTLV-1 is a virus that infects the white cells in the blood in humans. It can cause a disease of the nervous system and leukemia.
No. We've known about this disease for some time (first described in 1980). It has been identified throughout the world. It is more common in Japan, the Western Pacific, the Caribbean, West Africa and South America. It has also been found in a few British Columbians.
About one in 20 people who get infected by HTLV-1 will eventually get sick with HTLV-1-associated illness in their lifetime, but often not until several decades after being infected. All the rest of the people carrying the virus do not get symptoms or develop any health problems from this virus.
People who get sick may develop a loss of strength in the lower limbs, loss of bladder control, or develop leukemia.
There is a blood test for HTLV-1 that you can get through your doctor.
HTLV-1 is spread from an infected person to another by:
If you are infected with HTLV-1 you should not breastfeed. If you are at high risk, you should be tested. Otherwise, breastfeeding is highly recommended. Breast milk is one of nature's most perfect foods.
The same precautions that everyone should take to protect themselves against infection from HIV or hepatitis B apply to HTLV-1.
In Other Words:
As with HIV and hepatitis B, there is evidence that HTLV-1 is NOT spread by ordinary, every day household contacts such as kissing, using the toilet, or preparing food. In order for the disease to spread, there has to be blood-to-blood contact or sexual intercourse.
No. There is no present treatment which will get rid of the virus once you are infected with it.
Canadian Blood Services (formerly Canadian Red Cross) has been screening all blood donations for HTLV-1 since April 1990.
No, unless you have a disease which your doctor thinks testing is needed, or you have been in contact with a known case.
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